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and Earth System Sciences<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8a18\u9304\u4e861982\u5e74\u81f32009\u5e74\u9593\u6e56\u9762\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u964d\u903e\u5169\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u704c\u6e89\u62bd\u6c34\u3002\u9019\u5ea7\u66fe\u70ba\u5468\u908a\u793e\u5340\u7a69\u5b9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u5c0f\u8fb2\u704c\u6e89\u3001\u7272\u755c\u98f2\u6c34\u548c\u6f01\u696d\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\uff0c\u5df2\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3001\u9e7d\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u56e0\u8fb2\u696d\u5f91\u6d41\u800c\u767c\u751f\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6f01\u696d\u662f\u6700\u986f\u773c\u7684\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6e56\u4e2d\u7684\u7f85\u975e\u9b5a\u7a2e\u7fa4\u2014\u2014\u66fe\u662f\u7576\u5730\u7ce7\u98df\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u548c\u6f01\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4f86\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u96a8\u8457\u6c34\u8cea\u60e1\u5316\u548c\u5316\u80a5\u3001\u8fb2\u85e5\u5f91\u6d41\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u990a\u5206\u904e\u8f09\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6e56\u6cca\u751f\u614b\u800c\u76f8\u7e7c\u5d29\u6f70\u3002\u5916\u4f86\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u5f15\u5165\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u7834\u58de\u3002\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6e56\u70ba\u751f\u7684\u6f01\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u8a08\u5df2\u8569\u7136\u7121\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c0f\u8fb2\u8fb2\u6236\u7372\u53d6\u6c34\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u885d\u64ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7a2e\u690d\u7389\u7c73\u3001\u8c46\u985e\u3001\u7fbd\u8863\u7518\u85cd\u7b49\u4f9b\u990a\u7576\u5730\u793e\u5340\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f5c\u7269\uff0c\u537b\u8981\u8207\u64c1\u6709\u8cc7\u672c\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6301\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5730\u4f4d\u5b58\u7591\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5f9e\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u53d6\u6c34\u8a31\u53ef\u7684\u5546\u696d\u82b1\u5349\u8fb2\u5834\uff0c\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u5957\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u65f1\u5b63\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u6cb3\u6d41\u6d41\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\u6642\uff0c\u5c0f\u8fb2\u704c\u6e89\u6236\u662f\u6700\u5148\u5931\u53bb\u6c34\u6e90\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5948\u74e6\u6c99\u6e56\u6771\u5cb8\u67d0\u793e\u5340\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8fb2\u79d1\u6797\u65af\u00b7\u74e6\u97cb\u9b6f\uff08Collins Waweru\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u89aa\u8eab\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5f92\u624b\u6316\u4e09\u516c\u5c3a\u6df1\u7684\u4e95\u5c31\u80fd\u53d6\u5230\u6c34\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u6316\u5230\u5341\u4e8c\u516c\u5c3a\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65f1\u6708\u9023\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u898b\u5e95\u3002\u82b1\u5349\u6bcf\u5929\u9700\u8981\u6c34\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f5c\u7269\u6bcf\u5929\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6c34\u3002\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5920\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u7528\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u80af\u4e9e\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u570b\u969b\u74b0\u4fdd\u7d44\u7e54\u66fe\u65b7\u65b7\u7e8c\u7e8c\u5730\u5617\u8a66\u898f\u7bc4\u5948\u74e6\u6c99\u7684\u53d6\u6c34\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u5728\u6c34\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u8ac7\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u82b1\u5349\u7522\u696d\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u59cb\u7d42\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u5c0f\u8fb2\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\uff1a\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u96d9\u5203\u994b\u8d08<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\u7684\u82b1\u5349\u696d\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u6545\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u524d\u8eca\u4e4b\u9451\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0d\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5f9e\u5e7e\u4e4e\u96f6\u8d77\u9ede\u4e00\u8e8d\u6210\u70ba\u975e\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u82b1\u5349\u51fa\u53e3\u570b\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u8f9b\u5df4\u5a01\uff0c\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b77\u5c46\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\u653f\u5e9c\u660e\u78ba\u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u7522\u696d\u4f5c\u70ba\u51fa\u53e3\u5c0e\u5411\u767c\u5c55\u6230\u7565\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u52a0\u4ee5\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u627f\u8afe\u4e0a\u78ba\u5be6\u514c\u73fe\u4e86\uff1a\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6025\u9700\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c31\u696d\u3001\u5916\u532f\u6536\u5165\u548c\u6280\u8853\u8f49\u8b93\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u9019\u4e09\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u596a\u8d70\u4e86\u571f\u5730\u548c\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\u82b1\u5349\u696d\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7522\u5340\uff1a\u4ee5\u9f4a\u74e6\u4f0a\u6e56\uff08Lake Ziway\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u6d41\u57df\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u88c2\u8c37\u6e56\u6cca\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e9e\u7684\u65af\u4e9e\u8c9d\u5df4\u5468\u908a\u7684\u9ad8\u5730\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u970d\u840a\u5854\uff08Holeta\uff09\u548c\u585e\u8c9d\u5854\uff08Sebeta\uff09\u9ad8\u539f\u3002\u5169\u500b\u7522\u5340\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u65e2\u662f\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\u529b\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6c34\u6e90\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u88c2\u8c37\u5730\u5e36\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9f4a\u74e6\u4f0a\u6e56\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u6dfa\u6c34\u6de1\u6c34\u6e56\uff0c\u662f\u4f30\u8a08\u4e03\u5341\u842c\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6c34\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u6de1\u6c34\u6f01\u696d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6279\u6b63\u5728\u6e56\u5cb8\u53ca\u96c6\u6c34\u5340\u5efa\u7acb\u71df\u904b\u7684\u82b1\u5349\u8fb2\u5834\u2014\u2014\u591a\u70ba\u8377\u862d\u6216\u5370\u5ea6\u8cc7\u672c\u6240\u6709\u2014\u2014\u7684\u704c\u6e89\u6c34\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\u548c\u570b\u969b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u81ea\u5546\u696d\u82b1\u5349\u696d\u64f4\u5f35\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6e56\u6cca\u6c34\u4f4d\u986f\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u4f86\u81ea\u82b1\u5349\u8fb2\u5834\u5f91\u6d41\u7684\u78f7\u548c\u6c2e\u8ca0\u8377\u6b63\u5728\u5f15\u767c\u85fb\u83ef\uff0c\u5a01\u8105\u6f01\u696d\u3001\u6c61\u67d3\u98f2\u7528\u6c34\u6e90\u30022019\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u8207\u5468\u908a\u8fb2\u5834\u990a\u5206\u5f91\u6d41\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u85fb\u83ef\uff0c\u5728\u55ae\u6b21\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e86\u4f30\u8a08\u4e00\u767e\u5678\u9b5a\uff0c\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u65e2\u7121\u66ff\u4ee3\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4f86\u6e90\u3001\u53c8\u7121\u8ce0\u511f\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u6355\u9b5a\u793e\u5340\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u571f\u5730\u554f\u984c\u540c\u6a23\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\u82b1\u5349\u8fb2\u5834\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u5f62\u5bb9\u70ba\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u5730\u79df\u5411\u6295\u8cc7\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u571f\u5730\u79df\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u969b\u6392\u64e0\u5c0d\u540c\u4e00\u571f\u5730\u6301\u6709\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7fd2\u6163\u4f7f\u7528\u6b0a\u7684\u5c0f\u8fb2\u800c\u63a8\u9032\u7684\u3002\u8863\u7d22\u6bd4\u4e9e\u571f\u5730\u6cd5\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\u6b78\u5c6c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fb2\u6c11\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6b0a\u800c\u975e\u7522\u6b0a\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u653f\u5e9c\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5546\u696d\u6295\u8cc7\u7b26\u5408\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u6b0a\u4fbf\u53ef\u88ab\u7d42\u6b62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u76ca\u7d44\u7e54\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u8b49\u8a5e\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u970d\u840a\u5854\u548c\u9f4a\u74e6\u4f0a\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u5728\u5176\u571f\u5730\u88ab\u79fb\u4ea4\u7d66\u82b1\u5349\u8fb2\u5834\u71df\u904b\u5546\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u50c5\u7372\u5f97\u6578\u5929\u81f3\u6578\u9031\u7684\u901a\u77e5\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u88dc\u511f\uff0c\u88dc\u511f\u91d1\u984d\u4e5f\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u571f\u5730\u7684\u751f\u7522\u50f9\u503c\u6216\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5b89\u7f6e\u640d\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300c\u653f\u5e9c\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u82b1\u5349\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u300d\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f86\u81ea\u9f4a\u74e6\u4f0a\u5730\u5340\u7684\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u8fb2\u6c11\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u571f\u5730\u6b0a\u76ca\u5021\u5c0e\u7d44\u7e54\u5967\u514b\u862d\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08Oakland Institute\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u63a1\u8a2a\u6642\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u4f46\u767c\u5c55\u5728\u4e9e\u7684\u65af\u4e9e\u8c9d\u5df4\u548c\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u3002\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u571f\u5730\u66f4\u5c11\u3001\u6c34\u66f4\u5c11\u3001\u9b5a\u4e5f\u66f4\u5c11\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 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